import string

with open("letters.txt", "w") as file:
    for l in string.ascii_lowercase:
        file.write(l + "\n")

import string, os

if not os.path.exists("AtoZ"):
    os.makedirs("AtoZ")

for letter in string.ascii_uppercase:
    with open("AtoZ/" + letter + ".txt", "w") as file:
        file.write( letter + "\n")

import glob

letters = []
file_list = glob.glob("AtoZ/*.txt")

for filename in file_list:
    with open(filename, 'r') as file:
        letters.append(file.read().strip('\n'))

print(letters)
#['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z']

def function(a, b):
    print('infunction a+b:', a + b )

print('call function(3,4):', function(3, 4))

#infunction a+b: 7
#cll function(3,4): None

def function(a, b):
    print('infunction a+b:', a + b )
    
print('call function():', function())
#TypeError: function() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'

def function(a = 1, b = 2):
    return a + b

print(type(function))
#用type()來看function
#<class 'function'>

print(type(function(3,4)))
#<class 'int'>

print(function())
#3
#沒帶參數，使用預設的a = 1, b = 2

print(function(3, 4))
#7

def function(a =1 , b):
    return a + b

print(function(3, 4))


#    def function(a =1 , b):
#                 ^
#SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument

c = 1
def function():
    return c
c = 3

print('value from call function :', function())
#value from call function : 3

c = 1
def function():
    c = 2
    return c
c = 3
print('value from call function :',function())
#value from call function : 2

def function():
    global va
    va = 99
    return va

try:
    print('get va value before call function :',va)
except Exception as exp:
    print(type(exp))
    print(exp.args)

function()

print('get va value after call function :',va)

#<class 'NameError'>
#("name 'va' is not defined",)
#get va value after call function : 99

def words_count(string, splitter = None):
    word_list = string.split(splitter)

    return len(word_list)

print('split with blank, words count:', words_count("python is A:good, B:great!"))
print('split with [,], words count:',words_count("python is A:good, B:great!", ','))

#split with blank, words count: 4
#split with [,], words count: 2

def words_count(filepath):
    with open(filepath, 'r') as file:
        string = file.read()
        print("sentence in txt file:", string)
        strng_list = string.split()
        return len(strng_list)

print("sentence words count in txt file:", words_count("wordsA.txt"))

#sentence in txt file I have a pen, I hava a pencil.
#sentence words count in txt file 8

def words_count(string):
    string_list = string.split()
    print('直接split，沒有排除符號連文字的情況:', string_list)
    print('字數：',len(string_list))
    string = string.replace(",", " ")
    string_list = string.split()
    print('把符號替換成空白在split:', string_list)
    print('字數：',len(string_list))

words_count("I like coffee, wine,and milk.")
#直接split，沒有排除符號連文字的情況: ['I', 'like', 'coffee,', 'wine,and', 'milk.']
#字數： 5
#把符號替換成空白在split: ['I', 'like', 'coffee', 'wine', 'and', 'milk.']
#字數： 6

import re
def words_count(string):
    string = re.sub('[,]', ' ', string)
    print(string)
    string_list = string.split()
    print('直接split，把符號替換成空白:', string_list)
    print('字數：',len(string_list))

words_count("I like coffee, wine,and milk.")

#I like coffee  wine and milk.
#直接split，把符號替換成空白: ['I', 'like', 'coffee', 'wine', 'and', 'milk.']
#字數： 6

diction = {'a':1, 'b':2}
print(diction)
#{'a': 1, 'b': 2}

diction = dict(c = 3, d = 4)
print(diction)
#{'c': 3, 'd': 4}

characters = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j"]

print("characters[4:7] => {}".format( characters[4:7] ))

#characters[4:7] => ['e', 'f', 'g']